If you have liver disease, catching hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) early can save lives. Surveillance means simple, regular checks that look for tiny tumors before they cause symptoms. The good news? Most of the tools are quick, cheap, and widely available.
Not everyone needs an HCC screen. The biggest risk groups are people with cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis B, or hepatitis C that hasn’t been cured. If a doctor has told you you have liver scarring, it’s time to set up a six‑month surveillance plan.
Other high‑risk folks include those who have had HCC before, have a family history of liver cancer, or have certain genetic conditions. If you’re unsure, ask your clinician for a risk assessment – it’s usually a short conversation.
The standard combo is a liver ultrasound and a blood test for alpha‑fetoprotein (AFP). Ultrasound uses sound waves to create a picture of the liver; it catches most tumors larger than 1‑2 cm. AFP measures a protein that many HCC tumors release – a rise can flag something worth checking.
During a surveillance visit, the technician will do the ultrasound while a nurse draws a small blood sample. Both results are reviewed together. If something looks off, doctors may order a CT scan or MRI for a clearer view.
Some centers also add newer blood markers or use contrast‑enhanced ultrasound, but the basic ultrasound‑AFP combo works well for most patients.
Stick to the six‑month schedule even if you feel fine. HCC can grow quickly, and a tumor that’s invisible now may be obvious in a few months.
Besides the tests, keep your liver healthy. Limit alcohol, maintain a balanced diet, and stay up‑to‑date on hepatitis vaccinations or antiviral treatments. These steps lower the chance of new tumors forming.
If a test comes back abnormal, don’t panic. Your doctor will likely repeat the scan, order a more detailed imaging study, or refer you to a liver specialist. Early detection gives you more treatment options, from surgery to newer targeted therapies.
In short, HCC surveillance is a simple, low‑cost habit that can catch liver cancer before it spreads. Talk to your healthcare provider today about setting up your personalized surveillance plan.
