If you’ve noticed brown patches on your face that won’t fade, you might be dealing with melasma. It’s a common skin condition that causes dark spots, usually on the cheeks, forehead, or upper lip. Most people see it appear during their 20s or 30s, and hormones or sun exposure often play a big role.
The biggest culprits are hormonal changes. Pregnancy, birth control pills, and hormone‑replacement therapy can all spark melasma. That’s why the condition is sometimes called “the mask of pregnancy.” Sunlight also fuels the problem. UV rays tell skin cells to produce more pigment, making those patches darker.
Other factors matter too. Some people have a family history of melasma, so genetics can make you more prone. Certain skincare products with irritating ingredients might worsen it, and stress or lack of sleep can keep your skin’s balance off‑kilter.
The first step is protecting your skin from the sun. A broad‑spectrum SPF 30 or higher sunscreen, applied every morning and re‑applied throughout the day, cuts down new pigment formation. Look for formulas with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide; they sit on top of the skin and block UV better than chemical filters.
Topical treatments are next. Over‑the‑counter creams with hydroquinone, azelaic acid, or niacinamide can lighten spots gradually. If you need stronger help, a dermatologist might prescribe tretinoin or combination formulas that mix several lightening agents. These work by speeding up skin turnover so the dark cells shed faster.
Procedures are an option when creams aren’t enough. Chemical peels, laser therapy, and microneedling can break up pigment clusters. They’re most effective when done by a trained professional and paired with daily sunscreen use.
Don’t forget lifestyle tweaks. Wear hats or sunglasses when you’re outdoors, and choose clothing that covers your face if the sun is intense. Keep your skincare routine gentle—avoid harsh scrubs that can irritate skin and trigger more pigment.
Finally, be patient. Melasma often improves slowly; most treatments need at least 8‑12 weeks to show results. Stick with a consistent routine, track any changes, and adjust based on what works for you.
